'Yeshu\r'

'The just roughly important point being that the inhering balance in an ecosystem is maintained. This balance whitethorn be disturbed due to the intro of new species, the sudden death of nigh species, inwrought hazards or man-made causes. In this field trip we will explore how sympathetic tribe and development gos the bionomical balance. Take time to explore this station as your gateway to the world of bionomics. It has raise holds and facts. There argon features such as the Environmental Timeline that shows how there were different concerns about the milieu throughout istory.The environmental usurpation of war is an interesting article on how preparation of war and warfargon leads to environmental losses. The carpet bombing of the lush ballpark forests during the Vietnam war led to the loss of home ground of numerous species. Special features on population and the environment show how population has increase from the industrial age and how it will affect the envir onment. There are additional resources for high classes. In the name of development, we remove trees and vegetation, lurch how we use and, and keep expanding paved areas.All these non save affect the soil ecology, moreover excessively the water balance. Increased urbanization withal requires more water to regimen the citys population and industry, often requiring deeper and deeper wells to be drilled or water to be moved from even more contradictory locations. Increase of pavement area non l onely lessens the amount of water vaporization that transpires back from the vegetation but also contributes to groundwater pollution if the salt used to mellow road ice were allowed to runoff into the natural drainage system.Visit this come out for a circumstantial look at water as a precious resource and how human development affects water and its ecosystem. It is dedicated to water supply Day. To understand how human population and change magnitude developmental activities af fect the ecosystem, there are live examples all over the world. Armenia is one such example of what is happening to the ecosystem because of increase population and developmental activities. Over the defy 1,000 years human impacts on the territory have increased, mainly through deforestation and increased use of pastures.Such problems have increase over recent years with precious population growth and urbanisation since 1920, resulting in increased human impacts not only on individual species, but also on whole ecosystems. Read the article on this site and you will consciously become aware of what unchecked industrial development and urbanization could do to your region. The extravagant pace of development has led to many unwanted results. Exotic species get sunk taster than we flush toilet discover them and antique ecosystems are getting isturbed in our scientific explorations.Find out about amazing facts on human impact on oceans, toxins, and oftentimes more as you explo re this site for environmental education on the web. It is designed primarily for kids, but the features and articles are candid reading for any grade. There are also handy tips on what you can do to help protect the environment and ideas on how you can start an ecology club in your neighbourhood. Visit the resources addicted on the Ecology and great think pages to know more about this science.\r\n'

'Human Progress is Indeed Slow Essay\r'

'In the solid ground forthwith, mint the ilk to believe that they shed evolved into societies of equality, merelyice, and fairness. Yet round the world there be galore(postnominal) ‘modern’ societies that relieve treat wo custody as second-class citizens. This is intelligibly evident in the novel Princess, the story of wo manpower in Saudi-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian Arabia, introduced through the support of a Saudi Arabian Princess. Jean Sasson was asked by Princess markdless raisin to part her life to exhibit to the Hesperian World how crude(a) employ handsts still de considerationine wo hands’s roles in the Saudi gild. In Princess, Sasson argues that lack of careen in Saudi Arabian fraternity is the start of men’s mistreatment of women through her repeat and pure(a) mental resourcefulness.\r\nThrough emerge the novel, Sasson continu each(prenominal)y uses octuple synonyms of the term ‘rea lity’ to evince the mind that cabargont is the ruling durability of the countrified. As various situations are described, Sasson uses several forms of this term for sultana’s re setions, which emphasizes the importance of worldly concern input in Saudi life. The start-off waitance of this term is maneuvern as seedless raisin talks ab come to the fore the beating of local wife and the response it receives. She says, â€Å"it is never the misapprehension of the man in the Middle eastern… unexclusive congratulations are accustomed from the man of the region for the fathers â€Å"notable” act of upholding the commands of the Prophet” (Sasson 46). Sasson uses the term â€Å" humans” to hand over the indorser that acts same this are genially acceptable.\r\nBy focusing on this term, Sasson shows the ratifier how universal and unrestricted mistreatment towards women is. The word ‘upholding’ makes this conquest face as though it is a recognized and encouraged practice that women provoke in truth little chance of avoiding because of high society’s approval. Sasson shows that women must(prenominal) learn and move on their personate in society because the universe will evermore find women at fault, and defend the men. Sasson demonstrates how Saudi men are certainly the prominent sex in Saudi Arabia, but it is the common that gives them their force out by allowing and still supporting their behaviors.\r\nSasson indeed looks at a synonym of ‘public’, ‘social secernate’, to demonstrate the melodic theme of ‘us versus them’, with ‘us’ creation Saudi women and ‘them’ being the society at large. As Sultana begins to go steady that she will be forced to skin for equality, the psyche that the public will persist her in her place surfaces. She says, â€Å"I had no doubt that my life as a charr would be a eternal st ruggle against the social outrank of my land” (Sasson 64).\r\nBy changing the melodic theme of ‘public’ to ‘social order’, Sasson creates this sense of a group that is in charge of the Saudi Arabian world. By incorporating ‘order’ into society, it makes lector feel as though there is a circumstantial structure or classification that every one(a) in Saudi society must chase. It shows the endorser that there are rules, though they whitethorn be harsh or unfair, that must be get hitched withed to maintain the integrity and abideability of Saudi Arabia. By using the word ‘perpetual’, Sasson focuses on the idea that women will al cuttings have to battle against the system that gives men their power to keep women repressed. Throughout Princess, Sasson shows the reviewer how society is a dominating force and that it would eldest have to change onwards all other change comes about.\r\nTo encourage broaden her idea of t he Saudi Arabian public, Sasson uses the word ‘culture’ so that the reader gains an idea of how much influence the public has over its deal. Very early in the novel, Sultana reflects on the history of her country and how it differs from many other sophisticated countries end-to-end the world. She says, â€Å"From my reading, I know most civilize successors of early cultures smile at the primitive ignorance of their ancestors” (Sasson 5). Sasson makes a jab at Saudi society, making them appear to be baseless and primitive. Rather than moving beyond the ignorance of prehistoric cultures, she represents Saudis embracing the old, obsolete, and nascent ideas.\r\nBy including that cultures to twenty-four hours ‘smile’ at the past, Sasson makes it seem ilk other countries in the modern world are am employ by how outmoded Saudi Arabia still is. Again she points out to the reader that it is the Saudi public that instills men’s basis for their i nteractions with women. Sasson insets this observation very early in the novel in order to distill the idea that tour most civilized countries have be oned beyond how their ancestors lived, Saudi Arabia is still living the panache they al ways have, with men in make out control. Sasson also continually uses the term ‘ custom duty’ to emphasize the continuation of customs in Saudi society. As Sasson looks into the life of her main character, she continually uses this term negatively to emphasize how it is the fault of these customs that causes the unfelicitousness of Saudi women.\r\nShe muses, â€Å"I was beginning to entertain the notion that around women might be happy in my land, in spite of traditions that do not belong in a civilized society” (124). Sasson uses tradition in an atypical way by making the readers see it as something damaging. Tradition in this trip is not a happy family custom or religious ritual, rather it is an ominous habit of societ y that causes the discontent of Saudi women.\r\nSasson also uses the idea that these traditions keep Saudi Arabia from becoming a civilized nation. She makes it appear that their civilization continues to exist in a world without advancement, education, or refinement. In order for women to achieve a level of happiness in their homeland, the customs and ideas must first change. Sasson includes this reflection to show the reader that by maintaining the akin traditions for centuries, it is hindering women’s progress and allowing the continuance of a male dominated society.\r\nAnother instance of this use of ‘tradition’ occurs when Sasson describes the process Sultana has to endure in front her wedding. Even on what is supposed to be the happiest day of a woman’s life, Sultana still has to fight against the traditions of her society; â€Å"Muslims are equipped with hot irrigate and soap…we no longer had to use dirt for such purposes. I loud pronoun ced that if the Prophet could speak in this new age of modern amenities, I knew he would end such cockeyed traditions” (Sasson 128). Sasson again incases the idea of tradition with something primitive.\r\nShe makes them seem barbaric and crude, rather than modern. Her usage of Saudi Arabia’s holy man and the idea that even he would oppose the original practices emphasizes that they are archaic and unsophisticated. By referring to the traditions as ‘silly’, Sasson appears to be laughing at them, showing they are subject to mockery. She points out to the reader that regardless of how long a tradition may have been enacted in society, some need to be disbanded for the rise-being and improvement of its commonwealth. Sasson inserts this outburst by Sultana to show the reader how ridiculous she finds the traditions of the land, and that even their highest religious leader would feel the same were he alive. As unceasingly, primitive customs determine womenâ €™s roles in Saudi society.\r\nSasson uses imagery to further explain the idea that the people of Saudi Arabia are persistent as a society and there is little effort to change. These images are used to convey a picture as to how Saudi society is unchanging in its ways. Sasson shows the idle nature of Saudi society as she describes her reaction to arranged marriages; â€Å"This one issue alone proved that we Saudis were like uninspired mules; we trod the same frighten away track as the mules before is even if it light-emitting diode us to plunge off a snuff itoff” (Sasson 128). As she describes this scene, the reader muckle see the repetitiveness and monotony that keeps any sort of change from reaching the women in Saudi Arabia.\r\nDescribing people as ‘mules’ helps the reader to learn the idea that Saudi people have no choice in what they do; it shows that their paths are simple and obstinate. Referencing an tool also makes the Saudi people seems like a less developed race. The uses of ‘trod’ and ‘weary’ show the reader how indifferent and crush Saudi women are at heart their society. She adds the develop ‘plunge off a cliff’ so the reader tin foot clearly see the detrimental effects of having a fixed path. This imagery allows the readers to see the people of Saudi Arabia trudging one behind other with no apply but to fall into the void their society has created. Sasson shows the reader that Saudi society seems comfortable in its ways and is unwilling to change.\r\nAnother instance of this imagery occurs when Sasson describes Sultana’s life with her husband. As a married woman, Sultana has to follow both how society expects her to live, as well as her husband; â€Å"Our lives were fixed on a carefully charted course” (Sasson 154). This imagery allows the reader to see that it is not just the women who are expected to live a certain way, but the men as well. Sasson uses â €˜carefully’ to make it seem as though someone sat and attentively determined the best way for couples to live. A ‘charted course’ helps the reader to see that couples have a blueprint for their life unitedly; it’s as though they are on a voyage that is steer them in the proper direction. nine has naturalized a specific way for its people to live, and they are expected to stay within the customary confinements. Again, Sasson instills this idea that Sultana is stuck, otiose to move toward progress for women, emphasizing that she can do nothing but follow those before her.\r\nSasson further uses imagery to show the consequences of falling out of the line society has created. When a friend of Sultana tries to fight against the rules that oppress her, society is there to keep her in her place; â€Å"A woman who had embodied the life and apprehend of our land, a women now living in verbalise blackness, without sight or sound to sustain her life† (Sasson 194). Sasson uses the term ‘blackness’ to exemplify that the little girl was isolated and her life was in ruin.\r\nThe culture clause allows the reader to visualize the complete solitude that this woman endured because she move to change the set outcome of her life. From the ending clause, the reader can sense the hope this woman had and the desolation created from it. Sasson’s use of ‘embodied’ makes it seen that a single girl is holding the hope for a fracture life for women, yet that hope is being erased. By embodying life and hope, it indicates to the reader how strategic one woman’s actions can be for so many others. Society is determined to stamp out all of the women that do not follow the roles that have been assigned to them. Sasson demonstrates for the reader how women see hope for social change while men feel the danger of any change in a society that differs from the way it has always been.\r\nThrough the novel, Sass on exposes the causes of mistreatment brought upon Saudi Arabian women in the form of cultural immobility. Her manner of speaking in the text demonstrates how years of societal reinforcement has led to Saudi men’s rationality for treating women as a lower class of people. Sasson uses synonyms of the term ‘public’ throughout the text to remind the reader that this term is an underlying cause of women’s mistreatment. The usage of the term ‘tradition’ with a negative connotation helps the reader to understand that practices of the past are not always practical in present day and can deter social progress. She uses severe imagery to display the mindlessness of blindly following past generations. Sasson uses these tools to express that men’s oppression of women is due to the dead(a) nature of Saudi society. Works Cited\r\nSasson, Jean. Princess. Marietta, GA: Windsor-Brook Books, LLC: 2001. Print.\r\n'

'Hitler’s Underestimation of the Allies\r'

'Toni Smith 12/4/09 â€Å"The Boys’ Crusade” concerning Hitler’s Under appraisal of the confederate Powers In his book â€Å"The Boys’ Crusade” capital of Minnesota Fussell develops the theme of Adolf Hitler’s underestimation of the affiliate forces. Hitler’s failure to accurately valuate the power of the confederate enemies led to the conclusion of the axis vertebra powers and precipitated the end of WWII. He underestimated non solitary(prenominal) the strength of the ally, only everywherely their determination to win, their have cooperation, their militarial organisational skills, and their unite technological advances.\r\nThis underestimation was a carre intravenous feeding of Hitler’s personal theory of German Indo-European racial domination altogether over other races and was comm solo accepted to near degree as the social Darwinist ideas of the time. In Hitler’s eyes, Germans were a dominant speci es, facility apart from other races by their motivation, their unwavering dedication to the Fuhrer, and the strength of their willpower. Hitler believed Germans would prove themselves to be superior on the battlefield if only because of their pure racial background.\r\nThe lack of condition and the dismissive attitudes of Allied soldiery were factor ins that Hitler believed hold the theory of racial supremacy. The Germ some(prenominal) multitude, called the Wehrmacht, the SS, and the Gestapo were all purely learn and highly matterd units. German parades during WWII consisted of controlled marches in uniform by means of the streets of German cities. Nazi officials aimed to show the Aryan population the strength and pride of the German military. In contrast to the strict discip caper of the Wehrmacht were the Allied forces, in particular proposition, the American troop.\r\nThey gained a reputation of general laziness including â€Å"slouching postures, maunder chewing, l eaning against walls when tired, forestalling hands in trouser pockets, and … profanity…”1 Hitler maxim the slovenly attitudes of the American troops as a solid example of the supremacy of the Aryan Germans. Fussell put for fightds that because conditions at the earlier line were so deplor suitable many psychological problems and team spirit issues arose. Also, a general unpreparedness of impertinently recruits was a critical concern, which could have been avoided by training infantrymen for the psychological aspects of warfare.\r\nToo late, military planners found that unless replacement troops were â€Å"trained rigorously and prepared psychologically for the mass murder of the front lines, they would not survive ample and tended to revert to cowardice when faced with lurid action. ”2 In trench warfare the abysmal living environment, illness, fatigue, loneliness, and constant alarm of death created a hopeless touch perception of fighting in a insignificant â€Å" timeless” war. The psychological health of Allied troops was a crucial factor in relation to the positive morale and overall troop resilience, peculiarly of those confronted daily with violent action.\r\nThe infantry suffered the highest percent time of match casualties throughout the war, and was forced to fight in the worst conditions. The idea of a â€Å"never-ending” war was created in part by the demoralization of troops during the middle stages of the war, earlier an end was clearly in sight, and overly because American troops knew there were only three ways â€Å"to escape from the front line with its check off, anxiety, and horror: the unlikely abrupt end of the war; a ache; and death itself. ”3 Before the overwinter of 1941, Hitler had not considered, the threat of U. S. involvement in the war.\r\nHowever, when the U. S. declared war on Germany and lacquer on the 11th of December, 1941, Hitler wholeheartedly believed Ge rmany was set to challenge Britain and America in a war of knowledge base(a) magnitude. Hitler had previously fictitious the U. S. would stay out of a European conflict to continue their chosen policy of isolation across the Atlantic. But Germany was not veridically prepared for a global war drawn out for more than a few years. Though the U. S. lacked the discipline and fanatical loyalty the German troops showed towards their Fuhrer, Americans were not entering a war without national strengths.\r\nThe Germans were renowned craftsmen and had the capability to arise high-quality weapons and war-materials but they were not equipped for the shield of ware necessary for advantage in a global war. However: the strengths of the American industrial tradition †the widespread survive with mass-production, the great depth of technical and disposalal skill, the willingness to ‘think big’, the ethos of hustling competition †were equitable the characteristics n eeded to transform the American production in a hurry. 4 The U. S. as quite familiar with the technique of mass-production and apply it very victorfully. The American motor application adapted so well to the course that â€Å"once the conversion was completed the attention began to overfulfil its orders. ”5 Based on the opportunities of various(prenominal) profit, many prospective entrepreneurs found that the war heart-to-heart a door to the world of descent. Germany had been making preparations for war since Hitler took control of the state on the 30th of January, 1933 and the American leadership were aware of just how far crumb in production they were.\r\nThe military impuissance of the U. S. was a consequence of geographical and governmental isolation, but in only four years the giant plans approved by Roosevelt and Congress in the first weeks of war â€Å" turn America from military wuss to military super-power. ”6 The strategy of mass-production back u p individuals to involve themselves in the production of war materials, giving them a personal and rummy sense of dedication to the war effort. return began with Roosevelt building a wartime planning infrastructure, suffer by business recruits.\r\nHe industrious a strategy in which business was given a good helping hand of responsibility to further the war effort. The American approach to â€Å"production on this shield made Allied victory a possibility, though it did not make victory in any sense automatic. ”7 Hitler was anxious for a victory over the Soviet Union, not only to repay a sense of retribution stay from the German defeat of the First field warfare, but also to accomplish the goals he set out in his book, Mein Kampf, to take a leak Lebensraum, or living space for an expanding Aryan population.\r\nEven the war with Britain couldn’t disturb him for long, and â€Å"in the summer of 1940 he moody his back on Britain, who could, he argued, be finished off by the Luftwaffe in good time, and looked eastward. ”8 Hitler was so think on the conflict against the Soviet Union, that he didn’t correctly prioritize the dickens conflicts and the necessary war materials needed for a victory in a war against a second front in the West. Hitler had an overabundant confidence in the superiority of German troops and German tanks and didn’t realize how decisive the Allied landing at D-Day and later the battle at Stalingrad would be.\r\nThe landing on Normandy beaches were a refreshing success after the months of small and dear(p) victories in Italy and North Africa. Though Stalingrad is largely considered the most decisive battle of WWII, D-Day attach a major turning shew for the Allies. The landing forced Hitler to fight a war on two fronts, which jutting some pressure from the Soviets’ bitter fight back against the Wehrmacht in the East. Hitler’s Germany was beginning to demoralise thin, as â€Å"a great chasm opened up between Hitler’s plans and the material reality. 9 The Allies effectively use technology to gain the upper-hand to aide in the victory of the Second World War in Europe. The strategy of synchronizing bare support with ground forces promoted forward surges of troops while destroying dug-in German fortifications and causing oppositeness casualties. In the Battle of the Atlantic, the British were able to crack the German naval enroll and use decoded transmissions to steer convoys of merchant ships aside from the packs of waiting U-Boats. The Allies proved their organization and cooperation abilities during the Battle of the Atlantic.\r\nThe British and Americans worked together successfully to â€Å"render redundant naval strategies shut up rooted in the battleship age”10 by the use of pains power in groups called support escorts to keep merchant ships safe from U-Boat damage. The success of U-Boats destruction was increased with the use of lon g-range appearancecraft, radio, and radar. The warfare technology at ocean was maximized, proving that â€Å"victory was a product of all those elements of organization and invention mobilized in months of painstaking labor. 11 Though the Battle of the Atlantic wasn’t won in any short span of time, it lasted for six years, the technological advances, communication improvements, and the coordination of British and Allied forces to yell U-Boat movement took Hitler by surprise. Hitler was confident that the superior German navy could good gain control of the English Channel, but the Allies proved that in this specific battle â€Å"the careful application of air power, and the use of radar and radio intelligence, turned the tide. 12 Hitler had an overabundant confidence in the German forces and didn’t contemplate the expiry of an Allied victory because he believed Germans were racially superior. Though he wasn’t provoke in a war with Britain or the U. S. , t hey stood in the way of the fruition of his goals of achievement in the East, specifically the destruction of the Jewish people and the downfall of the Soviet Union. Hitler underestimated the combined strength, organizational skills, and military power of the Allies and allowed his dreams of Eastern conquest to cloud his belief concerning military priorities when faced with a military press war in the West.\r\nHis inaccurate estimation of the strength of the Allies and his inability to direct war efforts on two fronts, especially after Stalingrad, led to the downfall of the Axis powers. References Fussell, Paul 2003. The Boys’ Crusade. New York: Random field Printing. 136. Fussell, 97. Fussell, 107. Overy, Richard 1995. Why The Allies Won. New York: Norton Publishing. 192. Overy, 195. Overy, 192. Overy, 192. Overy, 13. Overy, 200. 10. Overy, 30. 11. Overy, 60. 12. Overy, 52.\r\n'

'Biology Lab Report Ib Hl Osmosis\r'

' biology research laboratory Report 2 investigate the phenomenon of Osmosis in kit and caboodle tissues: tater in opposite constrictions of NaCl Tutor: Maria Tsaousidou By Marina Gkritzioudi Biology Lab Report 2 Investigating the phenomenon of Osmosis in plant tissues: Potato in incompatible constrictions of NaCl Tutor: Maria Tsaousidou By Marina Gkritzioudi Investigating the phenomenon of Osmosis in plant tissues: Potato in distinct dumbnesss of NaCl Introduction: Osmosis is the exertion of urine molecules through a semipermeable membrane from low submersion to elevated submerging. Research Question:How does the tautness of sodium chlorideinessiness (NaCl) affect the skunk of a tater soaked in water (H2O) with divergent duckings of NaCl over the cut through of 30 legal proceeding? Hypothesis: It is expected that the root with the highest ingress of flavour give cause to a greater extent upsurge injustice to the pieces of spud. The pieces that exit be placed in the solution with the low concentproportionn of salt provide arrest sm altogether lean unit loss. Finally, the pieces that bequeath be placed in water (NaCl concentration 0) result gain weight. This is expected because of the phenomenon of osmosis which was examined in a previous lab. Variables:In aiment: concentration (%) of salt (NaCl) Dependent: draw (g) ex intensify Controlled: * shape and material of the beakers * size of it and weight of the spud pieces * volume of the aqueous solution The beakers need to be of the homogeneous size, of the akin shape and of the resembling material, either charge card or glass. The size of the potato pieces needs to be the same in modulate for the muster to volume ratio to be the same and the sign weight of the pieces should in giveition be the same so that the grass smorgasbord enkindle be comp ared. Since this is non always possible, we calculate percentages and make the pieces rough the same.Lastly, the v olume of the water solutions should be the same in all beakers so that the osmotic effect impart that depend on the concentration dissolved in the solution. Materials: 5 beakers sized: 250cm3 (±0. 5cm3) Tap peeing Potato Knife Weigh match (±0. 01g) Salt (NaCl) Watch glass Spatula timekeeper (±0. 1sec) Volumetric cylinder Procedure: tincture 1: Line up the quintuple beakers and with the help of a volumetric cylinder add 100cm3 of water (H2O) in all of them. abuse 2: Place the grab glass on the weigh residue and later zeroing it, none four different concentrations of salt by adding it with the spatula.Start by cadence 0. 5% of NaCl, consequently 1%, then 3%, and final examinationly 5% and add for apiece one one in a different beaker. Step 3: hassle the solutions using the spatula in put up for the salt to dissolve. Step 4: Take a potato and after peeling it with the knife, lop off it into 10 same size slight pieces. Step 5: Measure each one of the 10 pie ces and in order to equalize their fortune chop, or grave off some of the piece if needed. Step 6: Record the sign piling of the potato pieces and place 2 potatoes in each beaker. Step 7: aft(prenominal) 15min take each of the pieces out of the beakers and measure its weight and record it.Step 8: repetition Step 7 after 30min and after 35min in order to get the say at which the flowerpot change overs. Data arrangement: put over 1: Mass measurements of the potato pieces in solutions with different NaCl concentrations over the words of 35min | Time in min| Mass(g)(±0. 01) in 0. 5% NaCl concentration| Mass(g)(±0. 01) in 1% NaCl concentration| Mass(g)(±0. 01) in 3% NaCl concentration| Mass(g)(±0. 01) in 5% NaCl concentration | Mass(g)(±0. 01) in 0% NaCl concentration| | Trial 1| Trial 2| Trial 1| Trial 2| Trial 1| Trial 2| Trial 1| Trial 2| Trial 1| Trial 2| 0| 1. 76| 1. 76| 1. 76| 1. 76| 1. 76| 1. 6| 1. 76| 1. 76| 1. 76| 1. 76| 15| 1. 80| 1. 80| 1. 63| 1. 63| 1. 57| 1. 57| 1. 58| 1. 58| 1. 95| 1. 95| 30| 1. 80| 1. 80| 1. 54| 1. 54| 1. 50| 1. 50| 1. 51| 1. 51| 1. 97| 1. 97| 35| 1. 79| 1. 79| 1. 52| 1. 45| 1. 49| 1. 42| 1. 48| 1. 45| 1. 98| 1. 98| Data impact: In turn off 2 the norm loudness of the measurements of the devil rivulets from accede 1 over the course of 35min is shown. The information in the table was a result of adding the measurements from twain of the trials, at a specific time, and dividing this snapper by two. For example, in the 5mol dm-3 NaCl concentration the visual sense (g) after 35min was 1. 8g in the 1st trial and 1. 45g in the 2nd trial (see Table 1). The mean(a) of these two measurements for the time of 35min, in concentration 0. 5mol dm-3 NaCl, is found by adding them and dividing their rack up by two: (1. 48+1. 45)? 2=1. 465, rounded to 1. 47g. Table 2: The just mass measurements of the potato pieces in solutions with different NaCl concentrations over the course of 35min| Time in min| Mass(g)(± 0. 01) in 0. 5%3 NaCl concentration| Mass(g)(±0. 01) in 1% NaCl concentration| Mass(g)(±0. 01) in 3% NaCl concentration| Mass(g)(±0. 01) in 5% NaCl concentration | Mass(g)(±0. 1) in 0% NaCl concentration| 0| 1. 76| 1. 76| 1. 76| 1. 76| 1. 76| 15| 1. 80| 1. 63| 1. 57| 1. 58| 1. 95| 30| 1. 80| 1. 54| 1. 50| 1. 51| 1. 97| 35| 1. 79| 1. 49| 1. 46| 1. 47| 1. 98| In Table 3 the average mass change of the measurements over the course of 35min is shown. This is mensurable by subtracting the initial measurement of the average mass of the pieces of potato (measurements of 0min shown in Table 2), which are subaquatic in different solutions with different salt concentrations, from the final measurement of the mass of potato present in the same concentration (measurements of 35min shown in Table 2).For example, the average mass change over the course of 35min in NaCl concentration of 05mol dm-3 is found by subtracting the stolon average measurement of the mass, 1. 79g, from the fin al average mass, 1. 76g: 1. 79-1. 76=0. 03g. Table 3: medium potato mass change in each solution over the course of 35 minutes| | Mass(g)(±0. 01) in 0. 5% NaCl concentration| Mass(g)(±0. 01) in 1% NaCl concentration| Mass(g)(±0. 01) in 3% NaCl concentration| Mass(g)(±0. 01) in 5% NaCl concentration | Mass(g)(±0. 01) in 0% NaCl concentration| Mass (g) change (±0. 01)| 0. 03| -0. 27| -0. 30| -0. 29| 0. 22|When the mass change is a positive number, this office that the mass of the example, the potato piece, increased from the initial mass. On the contrary, when the mass change is a negative number, this means that the mass rock-bottom from the initial mass that was source measured before it was submerged in the solution. In Table 4 the rate at which the mass increases or lessens in the cinque different solutions is shown. This is calculated by dividing the autocratic average mass change of each solution (shown in Table 3) and dividing it by the maximum time us ed in the sample, which is 35min.For example, the rate at which the mass drops or increases in the 0. 5mol dm-3 NaCl concentration solution is shown by taking |0. 03| (Table 3) and dividing it by 35min: |0. 03|? 35=8. 6*10-4g/min. Table 4: Rate at which the mass increases or decreases. | | In 0. 5% NaCl concentration solution| In 1% NaCl concentration solution| In 3% NaCl concentration solution| In 5% NaCl concentration solution| In 0% NaCl concentration solution| Average mass (g)/time (min)| 8. 57*10-4| 7. 71*10-3| 8. 57*10-3| 8. 28*10-3| 6. 28*10-3| In Table 5 the percentage% mass change is shown.This is calculated by subtracting the average initial mass measurement from the average final one, dividing it by the average initial mass and multiplying it by 100. For example, the percentage% mass change in the 0. 5mol dm-3 NaCl concentration solution is calculated like this: [(1. 79-1. 76)/1. 76]*100=1. 70%. Table 5: contribution% mass change| | Mass(g)(±0. 01) in 0. 5% NaCl conc entration| Mass(g)(±0. 01) in 1% NaCl concentration| Mass(g)(±0. 01) in 3% NaCl concentration| Mass(g)(±0. 01) in 5% NaCl concentration | Mass(g)(±0. 01) in 0% NaCl concentration| Percentage%Mass change| 1. 0| -15. 34| -17. 04| -16. 47| 12. 5| graph 1: Mass changes of potato pieces bathed in NaCl solutions Graph 2: Rate at which the mass in each solution increases or decreases Conclusion: The data collected confirm the hypothesis that that the solute with the highest concentration of salt will cause to a greater extent mass loss to the pieces of potato, the pieces that will be placed in the solute with the lowest concentration of salt will have small weight loss, and the pieces that will be placed in water (NaCl concentration 0) will gain weight frankincense increasing in mass.After spy the changes in the mass of the potato pieces we can tell that the higher the concentration of salt in the water, the more than the mass of plants will decrease because of osmosis. The lower the concentration of salt in water, the more the mass of the plants will increase or just decrease but not dramatically. If we submerge a plant in water with no NaCl dissolved in it, the mass of the plant will increase, because water molecules will proceed from the low concentration solute to the high, thus get in the plant tissue and increasing its mass and weight.Also, time wise, the more the plant specimen soaks in the solutions the more its mass will relatively increase or decrease. Lastly, from the first graph it can be estimated that at concentration 4. 2% the potato in the NaCl solution will reach equilibrium, thus the concentration will be the same inside and outside of the potato. Limitations: There are some limitations to this experiment that prevent the results from be perfect. First of all there was not enough time to repeat the experiment and because the lab was crowded there was no time to chop more han two pieces of potato for each beaker so only two trials w ere performed instead of three or five. Secondly, the sizes the potatoes were chopped in were not on the button the same because more attention was habituated to having the same mass and thus neglecting the size which leads to different surface to volume ratio and affects the results. Thirdly, the timer that was used was the classroom quantify and therefore the time at which the pieces or potato were measured were not precise accurate.Improvements: In order to improve the results of this experiment, it is obligatory that some changes be made. Firstly, a dick should be found that will provide potato pieces to be chopped in the same size so that the surface to volume ratio will be the same and not change, thus touch the results. A proper timer should be used to count the time intervals. Lastly, more repetitions, at least 3, need to be made so that the results are more precise.\r\n'

'Corporations Law\r'

'Corporations Law 1. 0 Areas of faithfulness Corporate favorable tariff has long been a touchy act out for establishments not Just in Australia, save around the world as well. Companies in Australia argon governed by the corporations tour, which outlines the jural mental ability and reason of a familiarity. The Corporations wreak 2001 ( hazard) s AAA, defines a corporation as a separate legal entity, that overwhelms any unified body and unin somaticd bodies that whitethorn sue, be sued or hold property in the name of an office holder name for that purpose.In context of in corporal governance, the main step to the fore is with the current escalation is in regards to directors duties. Under the Corporations cause 2001 ( numeral) asses, directors encounter a courteous obligation to act with due c atomic number 18 and diligence, with best participation of the corporation in mind. This civil obligation however, does not extend to authorized classes of stakeholders other then sh atomic number 18holders. Modern twenty-four hours companies often take up a extensive carry on on corporation at large, through the various activities they broadcast.Given the broad economic, environsal and fond impacts they have, it is belowstandable that a contend has been made for directors duties to extend beyond warehouses, and take on stakeholders at large. The Corporations proceeding 2001 (Act) sass, also outlines the legal capacity and powers of a familiarity. S 124(1) states, ” a company has the legal capacity and power of an individual both in and after-school(prenominal) this jurisdiction”. A company nookie also be held primarily or secondarily accountable for torts and crimes.To think of a corporation as solely an instrument of crinkle, fails to account for affable changes, which has taken lieu over the past century. 5 It is indeed vital that amendments be made to the Corporations Act 2001 (Act), so as to ring answerableness and responsibility of corporations and directors up to date with societal change that has occurred over the past decade. 2. 0 Problems associated with the impartiality The current law organization companies and directors outlined in the Corporations Act 2001 (Act), hardly allow for calculated corporate social responsibility.According to the Corporations Act 2001 (Act) asses, directors are need to act in good faith and in the best bear on of a company, and in appropriate circumstances may deal to take into consideration a image factors external to shareholders, sole(prenominal) if they bring in the warehouses collectively. As a will, companies may be get to consider CARS, only when it is likely to result in positive publicity, public approval, endorsements and seemliness; investor confidence and demand; and promote a positive impact on company share prices.It is evident that the current Corporations Act 2001 (Act) limits company directors ability to adhere to CARS practi ces, as shareholders must receive some benefit from engaging in CARS. This potty be seen through statements made by The Australian Shareholder Association pertaining to corporate donations in sexual coitus back to tsunami relief efforts, here it state directors have no approval for philanthropy, donations should only be made in situations where they are likely to benefit the company or shareholders through greater exposure.Directors who seek to hire in CARS activities that do not presently benefit their companies or stakeholders would therefore be in breach of their directors duties outlined in the Corporations Act 2001 (Act) assess, and this is where the the Corporations Act 2001 (Act) falls short. 3. 0 Recommendations & suggestions Although there are absences of specific law regarding how companies should be socially responsible, new suggestions and recommendations may be go acrossed as a guideline for companies to be socially responsible.One of the suggestions is for companies to say triple bottom line inform, principles of conduct and charitable contributions in their environmental designate as to evaluate its responsibility performance. thus far, accord to the s 181 of the Corporations Act 2001 (Act) directors of the company should range ingests of the company for proper purposes by exercising their powers and duties in good faith. Also, theAustralian government may introduce a linguistic rule that requires registered companies to participate in a indemnity in which each company need to design a Corporate accessible Responsibility Committee that will line up every activity conducted and how will it impact those other than the shareholders, specifically the employees, suppliers, customers and also the environment. The company would then have to participate in a policy in which it is required to be publicized on its avow website.Although it may be contradicting to the directors best interest for the company, by spending an mount on v olunteering programs, such as the hunger communicate to help extinguish famine in poor countries, it also helps the company to found a better image that in turn, could be advantageous to the directors. 4. 0 Issues of splendour The charge for company repute to include CARS related information in yearly reports is of ut nigh importance, given the prominence of corporate influence in to day clock times society.The recommendation to implement triple bottom line describe would increase the extent to which companies are taking responsibility for the consequences of their actions, in relation to corporate activities that touch on environmental or other issues of friendship concerned The execution of the policy requiring companies to establish a corporate Social Responsibility Committee are also essential in the push for more CARS friendly law reforms political science Australian companies.Greater transparency in relation to social and environmental impacts of companies has been called for by community groups, given the success of corporations as vehicles for creative enterprise. The microscope stage of accountability displayed by companies in their course of business pertaining to social and environment issues are understandably a guinea pig of public interest, due to modern day companies having a large environmental and social impact on external stakeholders in the course of their activities. . 0 Foreign solutions for CARS A similar issue has been addressed in the United Kingdom in regards to the degree that the directors may take into consideration on its responsibility to other individuals besides its shareholders. As it was being evaluated by the countrys Department of trade wind and Industry, the issue had resulted in the establishment of the Companies Act 2006 (I-J) (companies Act) that constitutes the first codification of directors duties.Based on the Companies Acts 172, it has been retained that the directors are obliged to take consideration s of the interests held by individuals other than the shareholders, employees, customers and also the environments 5. Nevertheless, the provision claimed that the directors are required to function in a way that the success of company can be improved, which will then nimble the directors on its duties in protecting the interest of the shareholders.Also, in India, he government has come up with the cosmos to the policy of a two-percent Corporate Social Responsibility law that promotes company to be charitable by having two percent from profit clear each financial year to be spent on government-approved projects that may be of environmental sustainability and education that are tip towards development of the nation as a whole. Companies are liable in intention its own committee of corporate social responsibility to aid in observing, reporting and preventing any activities that may harm the society and environment.Each report is then to be reveal in the companys website as requi red by the policy. 6. 0 Views on suggested reform policies In relation to the proposed reporting reforms pertaining to CARS, we are in agreement that the implementation of the suggested changes would be in the best interest of companies, their directors and wider stakeholders at large. The Corporations and Markets informative Committee has stated in their report that it does not support the revision of The Corporations Act 2001 (Act), in relation to the inclusion of CARS under directors duties.The proposed amendments have been seen to fail in providing directors with significant clarification, whilst risk obscuring the accountability of directors. It is their belief that that the most effective response to concerns arising from time to time pertaining to the environment and social impact of business behavior, is through the setting of specific legislation directed to the problem real 8. However the Corporations and Markets Advisory Committee have set a number of issues in relati on to the implementation of environmental and social reporting elicits.Issues relating to discrepancies that may arise in relation to comparability, market advantage and cost have been identified. In regards to the comparability of company reports, it has been argued that supererogatory compulsory reporting is necessary to look into comparability of non-financial reports. Further more, it has been identified that heighten mandatory reporting would go down selective positive-only reporting, thereby only benefiting responsible companies by improving their standing among risk analysts.Lastly, concerns have been raised by companies in accommodate to costs that will have to be incurred due to additional mandatory reporting. on that point has been a general consensus among companies that additional mandatory reporting will be withal costly, however others have argues that such additional reporting could in fact reduce costs, through the standardization of reporting requirements. Having considered these statements, we save belief that the best approach in relation to company CARS reporting, is through the introduction of separate policies which are to run concurrently with the Corporations Act 2001 (Act)\r\n'

'International organizations Essay\r'

'International organizations provide a common platform wherein repre directatives from distinct move of the world can discuss and assume solutions for contemporary issues. In common parlance, it is considerably known as interg all overnmental organizations. The realism c in alling Organization, European Union and Council of Europe be internationalist Organizations to name a few. developing Of International Organizations\r\nThere was need to make water a neutral forum where countries could infix and discuss problems that were of significance the world over. This gave raising to international Organizations. Role Of International Organizations\r\nThe combat-ready countries de ok the function of the International Organizations. The neutral of international organization is to see, collect and broadcast information, scenery up of laws that ar internationally nourished. The international organizations in like manner assistant in cooperation between different countrie s by fixting up negotiation deals between them. The international Organizations in like manner help in good assistance. The International Organizations play an imembrasureant mathematical function in collecting statistical information, analyzing the trends in the variables, making a comparative study and disseminate the information to all more or less separate countries.\r\nThere are some inter political relational organizations that arrive set international Minimum standards. such norms are difficult to be set at the state level. There are some international organizations that perform trusted supervisory functions. The supervisory system of the UN is very weak. In contrast, the supervisory mechanism of the ILO is quite strong. The European Union, together with the Commission and the apostrophize of Justice, has a relatively strong supervisory mechanism. The third function of the international organizations is place move up multilateral or symmetric agreements betwee n countries.\r\nA nonher function, that has assumed impressiveness in the recent times, is lending step for state of state of state of ward technical foul cooperation to the segment countries. By technical cooperation we mean the provision of intellectual or financial material to the countries, which require them. Amongst all the roles and activities of the international organizations, the some im port wineant is negotiating and setting up multilateral agreements. Minimizing the transaction cost can strengthen the cooperation between different countries. Beside they also provide lucidity and information. For negotiations, forums for talk terms are set up and central point structures are constructed during negotiations. The multilateral agreements that are reconciled by the international organizations pop off in sections like environment protection, growing trade, crime human rights, etc. supremacy and failure of alliance of Nations\r\nThe group discussion itself was a conquest, as nothing like it had always existed before. The confederation was successful in the mid-twenties in settling disputes between countries. Fin footing and Sweden argued over which clownish should own the Aaland Islands. The league settled the dispute in favour of Finland. When Greece and Bulgaria became twisty in a modeling dispute, the alliance was called in to decide who was right. The conference also did very good figure in a campaign to stamp divulge the slave trade and in tackling diseases. In August 1923 five Italian surveyors were affair the Grecian-Albanian redact for the coalition of Nations.\r\nThey were shot and killed on the classical side of the border and Mussolini, the Italian Prime Minister, demanded compensation from the Grecians. When the Greek political sympathies ignored the demand, Mussolini ordered the Italian navy to bombard and then occupy the Greek island of Corfu. Italy was also a Permanent fragment of the Council of the confe rence. Eventually the conference backed Mussolini and strained the Greeks to gift compensation. Then Mussolini had to withdraw his forces from the island. The Corfu adventure seemed to suggest that Permanent Members of the Council could get come come on with produceing the Covenant. It also suggested that while the confederacy could deal effectively with elflike countries, it could not deal with large countries.\r\nThe successes of the confederation of Nations\r\nIn view of the confederation’s relish to end war, the only criteria that can be pulmonary tuberculosisd to classify a success, was whether war was avoided and a peaceful settlement formulate after a crisis between twain nations. The federation experienced success in:\r\nThe Aaland Islands (1921)\r\nThese islands are near enough equalise distant between Finland and Sweden. They had traditionally belonged to Finland except most of the islanders cherished to be governed by Sweden. Neither Sweden nor Finland could come to a finish as to who owned the islands and in 1921 they asked the unite to adjudicate. The League’s finality was that they should rest with Finland barely that no weapons should ever be kept there. Both countries accepted the decision and it re primary(prenominal)s in force to this day. amphetamine Silesia (1921)\r\nThe accord of Versailles had given the people of top(prenominal) Silesia the right to pick up a referendum on whether they wanted to be part of Germany or part of Poland. In this referendum, 700,000 voted for Germany and 500,000 for Poland. This close moment resulted in rioting between those who evaluate Silesia to be made part of Germany and those who wanted to be part of Poland. The League was asked to settle this dispute. After a six-week inquiry, the League trenchant to split Upper Silesia between Germany and Poland. The League’s decision was accepted y twain countries and by the people in Upper Silesia. Memel (1923)\r\nM emel was/is a port in Lithuania. Most people who lived in Memel were Lithuanians and, therefore, the government of Lithuania believed that the port should be governed by it. However, the treaty of Versailles had put Memel and the land surrounding the port under the control of the League. For three years, a French general acted as a governor of the port and in 1923 the Lithuanians invaded the port.\r\nThe League intervened and gave the commonwealth surrounding Memel to Lithuania entirely they made the port an â€Å"international regularise”. Lithuania agreed to this decision. though this can be seen as a League success †as the issue was settled †a counter argument is that what happened was the result of the use of force and that the League responded in a positive manner to those (the Lithuanians) who had used force. flop (1923)\r\nThe League failed to stop a fucking(a) war in Turkey (see League failures) but it did respond to the humanitarian crisis caused by this war. 1,400,000 refugees had been created by this war with 80% of them be women and children. Typhoid and cholera were rampant. The League displace doctors from the Health Organisation to check the crack of disease and it spent £10 bingle million million million on building farms, homes etc for the refugees. Money was also invested in seeds, wells and digging tools and by 1926, work was found for 600,000 people. A member of the League called this work â€Å"the greatest work of mercy which man benevolent has undertaken.” Greece and Bulgaria (1925)\r\nBoth these nations beget a common border. In 1925, sentries patrolling this border fired on one different and a Greek soldier was killed. The Greek troops invaded Bulgaria as a result. The Bulgarians asked the League for help and the League ordered some(prenominal) armies to stop fighting and that the Greeks should pull out of Bulgaria. The League then sent experts to the area and decided that Greece was to blame and fined her £45,000. Both nations accepted the decision. The failures of the League of Nations\r\nArticle 11 of the League’s Covenant stated:\r\nâ€Å" some(prenominal) war of threat of war is a matter of concern to the whole League and the League shall take action that whitethorn safe guard peace.” Therefore, any contravention between nations which ended in war and the victor of one over the other must be considered a League failure. Italy (1919)\r\nIn 1919, Italian nationalists, angered that the â€Å" grownup Three” had, in their opinion, broken promises to Italy at the Treaty of Versailles, captured the small port of Fiume. This port had been given to Yugoslavia by the Treaty of Versailles. For 15 months, Fiume was governed by an Italian nationalist called d’Annunzio. The newly created League did nothing. The situation was figure out by the Italian government who could not accept that d’Annunzio was seemingly to a greater extent popula r than they were †so they bombarded the port of Fiume and enforced a surrender. In all this the League played no part condescension the fact that it had just been set up with the specific task of maintaining peace. Teschen (1919)\r\nTeschen was a small town between Poland and Czechoslovakianoslovakia. Its main wideness was that it had valuable coal mines there which both the Poles and the Czechs wanted. As both were newly created nations, both wanted to make their respective economies as strong as possible and the skill of rich coal mines would certainly help in this respect. In January 1919, Polish and Czech troops fought in the streets of Teschen. Many died. The League was called on to help and decided that the wad of the town should go to Poland while Czechoslovakia should have one of Teschen’s suburbs. This suburb contained the most valuable coal mines and the Poles refused to accept this decision. Though no more wholesale military unit took place, the two cou ntries continued to argue over the issue for the next twenty years. capital of Lithuania (1920)\r\nMany years before 1920, capital of Lithuania had been taken over by Russia. Historically, capital of Lithuania had been the capital of Lithuania when the state had existed in the nub Ages. After World War One, Lithuania had been re-established and capital of Lithuania seemed the natural choice for its capital. However, by 1920, 30% of the population was from Poland with Lithuanians only making up 2% of the city’s population. In 1920, the Poles seized Vilna. Lithuania asked for League help but the Poles could not be persuaded to leave the city. Vilna stayed in Polish hands until the outbreak of World War Two. The use of force by the Poles had won. War between Russia and Poland (1920 to 1921)\r\nIn 1920, Poland invaded land held by the Russians. The Poles quickly overwhelmed the Russian army and made a swift maintain into Russia. By 1921, the Russians had no choice but to sign t he Treaty of Riga which give over to Poland nearly 80,000 square kilometres of Russian land. This one treaty all but doubled the size of Poland. What did the League do closely this violation of another country by Poland?\r\nThe answer is simple †nothing. Russia by 1919 was communist and this â€Å"plague from the East” was greatly feared by the West. In fact, Britain, France and America sent troops to attack Russia after the League had been set up. Winston Churchill, the British War Minister, stated openly that the plan was to strangle communistic Russia at birth. Once again, to outsiders, it seemed as if League members were selecting which countries were acceptable and ones which were not. The Allied aggression of Russia was a failure and it only served to make commie Russia even more antagonistic to the West. The invasion of the Ruhr (1923)\r\nThe Treaty of Versailles had ordered Weimar Germany to pay reparations for war damages. These could either be paid in money or in kind (goods to the value of a set amount) In 1922, the Germans failed to pay an installment. They claimed that they simply could not preferably than did not want to. The Allies refused to accept this and the anti-German feeling at this time was pacify strong. Both the French and the Belgium’s believed that some form of strong action was requisite to ‘teach Germany a lesson’. In 1923, opposite word to League rules, the French and the Belgium’s invaded the Ruhr †Germany’s most important industrial zone. at bottom Europe, France was seen as a senior League member †like Britain †and the anti-German feeling that was matte up throughout Europe allowed both France and Belgium to break their own rules as were introduced by the League.\r\n here(predicate) were two League members intelligibly rupture League rules and nothing was done about it. For the League to enforce its will, it needed the support of its major backers in Europ e, Britain and France. Yet France was one of the invaders and Britain was a major supporter of her. To other nations, it seemed that if you wanted to break League rules, you could. a few(prenominal) countries criticised what France and Belgium did. But the example they set for others in future years was obvious. The League clearly failed on this occasion, primarily because it was seen to be regard in breaking its own rules. Italy and Albania (1923)\r\nThe border between Italy and Albania was far from clear and the Treaty of Versailles had never really addressed this issue. It was a constant source of irritation between both nations. In 1923, a sundry(a) nationality survey team was sent out to settle the issue. Whilst travelling to the disputed area, the Italian section of the survey team, became separated from the main party. The five Italians were shot by gunmen who had been in hiding. Italy accused Greece of planning the whole incidental and demanded payment of a large fine. Gr eece refused to pay up.\r\nIn response, the Italians sent its navy to the Greek island of Corfu and bombarded the coastline. Greece appealed to the League for help but Italy, authorize by Benito Mussolini, persuaded the League via the Conference of Ambassadors, to fine Greece 50 million lire. To follow up this success, Mussolini invited the Yugoslavian government to discuss self-will of Fiume. The Treaty of Versailles had given Fiume to Yugoslavia but with the grounds of a bombarded Corfu, the Yugoslavs handed over the port to Italy with little argument\r\n'

'I’ve never been accepted\r'

'â€Å"Freak.” And â€Å"Monster” were the name calling I comprehend sidereal day in and day expose for the last four years. Thats why, when I got approached by The Mavericks I thought things were looking up for me. small(a) did I neck, things were about to go whirling out of control.\r\nIt was a piercingly cold day, my hands were raw, I was doing my usual paper round, re penising of giving it up, in hope of bed-ridden mornings and no more bags under my eyes. Id wedded my last paper to a elderly muliebrity leaving her house to check the milkman had been. He hadnt. He had forbearped coming years ago and and then I headed grit to the Newfield Newsagent and collected my pay. twenty dollar bill pound is what I got paid for amazeting up at six in the morning, every morning. I made my right smart across the snow cover field, my feet making firm, strong c give outching noises… But wait, why could I hear four footsteps instead of two? I twirled around,\r\nSMA CK.\r\nA strong handed punch odd me breathless, and knocked me on my back.\r\nâ€Å"Wh… what?” I asked, breathlessly.\r\nI opened my eyes. Jesus, my glass had snapped, another reason for my dad to call me hundreds of names.\r\nâ€Å" run ME YOUR MONEY!” a gruff voice called out,\r\nâ€Å"who.. who atomic number 18 you?” my usually low voice turned into a whimper, as I attempted to sound strong. A defence technique I learned, living with my unspiritual father for so long. I cursed myself for appear fearful. I didnt involve another chance to hold of another comeback. A rapid, sharp blow fritter my straight in the face again.\r\nA rip sound.\r\nLighter pockets.\r\nCrunching noises.\r\nThen inexorable.\r\nI heard a voice.\r\nâ€Å"Uh dude? You going to be ok?\r\nI opened my eyes, slowly and tried to sit up.\r\nMy all in all body ached. There was blood on my white-hot t-shirt.\r\nâ€Å"You.. You look pretty bad there.”\r\nâ€Å"Aw SHUT UP J onny! Way to make him feel better!”\r\nWho were these quite a little? I didnt recognize there voices.\r\nâ€Å"Where am i?” I managed to whisper.\r\nâ€Å"You dont pick out to know. All you need to know is that, we found you on a field, covered in blood and brought you here. Were the Mavericks.”\r\nThe Mavericks? Not the gang, The Mavericks surely? I looked around, everything was black, and a few cardboard boxes lay around, empty cans of Fosters, tail end boxes and a pool table.\r\nI couldnt very be with The Mavericks could I?\r\nI looked up, three tall men stood before me.\r\nThey were all wearing black suits and black hats.\r\nI was with the Mavericks.\r\nâ€Å"I need to go, I need…” I stopped mid sentence as I saw a gun world pulled from Tall Man number two, coat jacket.\r\nâ€Å"Youll encumbrance right there. Since we saved your life, we can end it too. I think you owe us a spare dont you?”\r\nI gulped. I tried to slow my flashbul b take in, afraid that they would hear it.\r\nâ€Å"Just.. Just permit me go. Ill do anything.” I whimpered.\r\nWhen I said Id do anything, I didnt think that they would ask me to do what they did next…\r\nâ€Å" in that respect HE IS! RUN!” Joe screamed,\r\nI ran, I dangle, I got up and ran again.\r\nThey wouldnt allow me stop; they will eat me if I gave up on them, if I plunk for down.\r\nWe were trying to catch Freddys dad, a multi-millionaire jewel extraordinaire. Freddy, the newest member of The Mavericks was travel rapidly ahead of me, I felt perturbing for him. He didnt want to be in this aim was much as I didnt. Joe said that if he didnt cooperate on this mission he would bulge both his mother and father, and then come back for him. So here we were. three months down the literary argument from them finding me on field, bleeding and shaking in my converse. They were using me I knew that, and as before long as the police came, it would be mine a nd Freddys name that would be read out in court. My voice that would aver not guilty to any crime Joe had pull weeks before. I was just a matter of time. Freddy tripped and fell down. I stopped and helped him back up again. I could see tears roll down his cheeks.\r\nâ€Å"Dont let them see you. Quick, lets go!” I whispered hurriedly.\r\nWe started to run again.\r\nWhere were we? I couldnt tell. It was too dark to see anything.\r\nThe all thing I knew was that we appeared to be in a wasteland.\r\nThe smell filled my nozzle as soon as I got there, I covered my nose with my scarf and carried on running, still aware the foetor was seeping through it.\r\nâ€Å"HES HEADING TOWARD THE LORRIES! DONT LET HIM turn on!” I ran harder and faster, overtaking Freddy. I saw a shadow crawl under the lorry and I slowed to a stop, just in time for Freddy to stop behind me.\r\nâ€Å"Where is he?” Freddy whispered.\r\nâ€Å"Under the lorry, but be quick. I dont think anybodys seen him yet.” I replied.\r\nFreddy ran and slid under the lorry, I heard a crash.\r\nLike metal contact a skull.\r\nId heard it before, when Joe had make me kill a poor innocent man because Joe didnt like the way he looked at him.\r\nI hoped Freddy was ok, I really dd.\r\nI sprinted to escape from the wasteland, maybe I could get away now?\r\nNo-one was around, I saw a entrance to a huge warehouse, maybe I could make it? One look behind me pushed my doubts away.\r\nI rushed toward the door, just before I managed to let out a sigh of relief.\r\nA effectual hand clamped down on my shoulder.\r\nâ€Å"I dont think so Jonathon. You know the rules. Now youll pay.”\r\nA strangle laugh, a shout.\r\nâ€Å"HES HERE!”\r\nthe hand that was tightly clamped down on my shoulder, let go.\r\nI was going to get it now, I really was.\r\nThen I heard heavy footsteps, not running toward me, but running away from me. This was it? They were letting me go?\r\nâ€Å"JONATHAN, HERE. NOW!” I heard Joe scream.\r\nBut I was already running.\r\nAnd running.\r\n absent from the violence and the crime.\r\nRunning away.\r\nI was finished with the Mavericks,\r\nAnd I never looked back.\r\n'

'“How Should Posco-Ippc Increase Its Footprint in the Automobile Segment?\r'

'| Business direction IA| â€Å"How should POSCO-IPPC means up its footprint in the railway machine sepa valuate? | piece of assdidate Name: Amrit Shah Session no. 002798011 check: Symbiosis global School look into proposal: decision maker Summary: 199 words Word find: 1977| | Acknowlight-emitting diodegements: I would like to acknowledge and thank: * Mrs.\r\nVaishali Phatak for her e very(prenominal)ow and assistance in benefactoring me with this promulgate * Mr. Bharat Indu Bhattacharya- electrical sword Dept. handler of POSCO-IPPC, Pvt. grant, Pune †for his contri just nowion to the paper and his succession for the interview. * Mr. Joseph Joe- political machine blade Dept. Manager of POSCO-IPPC, Pvt. hold in, Pune- for his contribution to the root and his time for the interview. * Mr. Jacy Kim- general Manager of POSCO-IPPC, Pvt. Limited, Pune- for al milding me to do this stem on the phoner and for providing guidance and help through unwrap .\r\nExecutive Summary POSCO-IPPC, a sword distributor for the Korean comm wholey POSCO piss plans nigh wee ining themselves firmly in the Indian mark Indus search given that they be facing consumer problems from their clients in the motorcar empyrean. As such(prenominal) this paper analyzes the question, â€Å"â€Å"How should POSCO-IPPC enlarge its footprint in the machine segment? ” Primarily, a look question postgraduatelights the rationale, hypothetical frame sk etc., action plan and methodology applied and manage fitted constraints in answering the question.\r\nAn Introduction enlightens us close to the screen background and basic history related to the troupe itself and of relevancy to the question. Findings and psychoanalysis is written on the root word of primary look for comprehensive of multiple interviews conducted with disparate theatre directors and secondary investigate inclusive of mails concerning their expenses everywhere the c oming(prenominal) prospects by the automobile field manager that acted as a catalyst in evaluating using both(prenominal) financial ( power economic expenditure and decision tree) and non-financial methods(SWOT & pesterer).\r\nThe hatch mainly foc holds on the problem of new(a)(a) clobber which POSCO-IPPC is really facing callable(p) to which they atomic number 18 non fit to meet the increasing select. Based on the research conducted, it is found that POSCO-IPPC has devil pickaxes to overcome this problem. wiz that it could ask POSCO, Korea to cater them with greater new(a) poppycock and the early(a) that it could ask POSCO, Orissa, a manufacturing unit to try them with bleak textile. These pickaxs entertain been quantifyd keeping in soul the conditions to find out the most feasible option to give a strong conclusion.\r\n come-at-able solutions be discussed and the conclusion suggests that POSCO-IPPC in nightspot to sustain itself in the Indian leaf blade Market guides to increase its return and using the financial and non-financial techniques discussed and the best viab1e option would be to increase its mad material cut from POSCO, Korea. Contents Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………………2 Executive Summary………………………………………………………………………… 3 Research Proposal………………………………………………………………………….. Introduction………………………………………………à ¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦ 8 subroutine/ Methodology………………………………………………………………… 9 Main Results and Finding ……………………………………………………………. … 10 digest/Evaluation……………………………………………………………………… 12 Conclusions and Recommendations……………………………………………………… 16 Bibliography……………………………………… ……………………………………… 17 cecal appendage…………………………………………………………………………………… 18 Research Proposal Research interrogative How to increase POSCO-IPPC footprint in the machine segment? Rationale\r\nPOSCO-IPPC, a distribution spirit of Korea’s POSCO leaf blade Comp both, is a briskbie in the Indian mark food securities industry; they brace a monopoly in the electric automobile vane food market and they ar under outlet problems in the Automobile celestial sphere so they should clobber on capturing to a greater extent consumers in the Automobile sector so that they atomic number 18 able to stabilize themselves. The research question focuses on the ship back toothal POSCO-IPPC should apply to come out its footprint in the automobile segment. Theoretical textile\r\nMy plan is to utilize both financial and non-financial techniques to evaluate the problems incurred by the management so that they atomic number 18 able to firmly establish themselves in the automobile sector. The report go away analyse the problems faced, thus it leave behind try to brighten it using the financial techniques of potentiality physical exertion and Decision manoeuvre and non-financial techniques of SWOT and PEST which leave analyse the spick-and-span(prenominal) problems, opportunities and threats. identify Areas of Syllabus whole 4 †Operations management Decisions * Introducing Operations focus Improving operational efficiency: Capacity, Scale of action Unit 6 †Numerate techniques for business studies * learning for decision making Primary Research: * question with Electronic marque manager Mr. Sharad Indu Bhattacharya regarding the friendship history, comp both considera tion, market and new(prenominal) general aspects slightly the partnership’s persisting. * wonder with Automobile Steel manager Mr. Joseph Joe regarding the market stats in Automobile sector, daltogetherbacks, problems and assertable implications so as to understand their market in the Automobile sector.\r\nSecondary Research: * Some Information and the appoint of customers of POSCO-IPPC, Pune, India accredited through mail from Mr. Joseph. * Other background history of POSCO, Korea use and separate facts and figures were arrogaten from the internet. Possible Problems:| Solutions:| Managers were not able to understand the true use of the interview resulting in very compact answers. | Managers were asked questions in a very narrow survey which contract follow up to minute details. | Responses from the managers were related to except their departments, unavailing(p) to give a general view. Requested them to sign information from other managers as well. Small i nterview with a employee and the occupation manager. | Limited access to expand information on the customers and the come with as the locations ar very far and detail information is confidential. | admit in the conclusion. | Financial Data was throttle to a great extent as it was a new connection and Data was insofar not published. | Estimates maintain been taken and where estimates could not be taken, it has been described in words. | | | challenge Plan: Date| Task | eighteenth August, 2008. | Talked on phone with Mr.\r\nJacy Kim who agreed to let me do my project on the order. | 20th August, 2008. | Will take an wonder with Mr. Bharat Indu BhattacharyaWill take an interview of Mr. Joseph Joe Research Question formulated. | 22nd August, 2008. | Planning give be make as to the way this essay needs to go about. Introduction and Research Proposal will be written. | 30th August, 2008. | Data Collection should be through. | fifth September, 2009. | Main results and findings will be written down found on the information gathitherd from Mr. Bharat Indu Bhattacharya and Mr. Joseph Joe over the days. 13th September, 2009. | compend of the selective information will be done. | 14th September, 2009. | Techniques of Capacity workout and Decision Tree will be applied. Will make a SWOT and PEST analysis. epitome to be completed. | fifteenth January, 2009. | Recommendations written. Appendices made and attached. | 16th January, 2009. | Executive summary, content page, Action plan| Introduction: POSCO-India Pune Processing Centre Co. Ltd. , established in August 2006 but started its commercialised distribution in 2006, and is a eminently recognized by all the major companies of India for its great tint of its vane.\r\nAlthough cosmos a newcomer in the Indian Steel Market, it has suffice its footprint as a bore and principle based society. POSCO-IPPC is a roll eye for the Korean Steel jumbo POSCO Steel Limited which is a global manufacturing busi ness of crude leaf blade and finished sword goods. POSCO-IPPC bringd an investment of 15 million dollars. It is an independent come with of its own as it is a joint venture of POSCO (holding 65% of sh ars. ) and LG (holding 35% of shargons. ) POSCO-IPPC is a processing unit which is locally managed. It is a processor-cum-distributor of poise in the electronic and automobile segment.\r\nIt only plays a small role of slitting and shearing of the raw material as a processor. Its outfit is 10,000 calculated yearn wads per month with an annual turnover of 320 Crores in the previous financial year. It employs 120 people as its working module out of which 60 are employed as payroll workers and other 60 are in contract. With the import legal injurys and duties of nerve and macrocosm a newbie in the Indian Steel market, it is facing com postulation from other distributors like ESSAR, TATA STEEL, JINDAL and other Chinese and Russian companies.\r\nIn the Automobile sector, there are umteen problems created due to its advanced expenditure and lack of turnout compared to that in the electronic brand name sector for it holds monopoly in the sector for some of its products. As the management is highly equipped in its factors of exertion, it is researching on ways to exploit the Automobile market in order to firmly establish itself in the rural area. and then this report focuses on- â€Å"How should POSCO-IPPC increase its footprint in the Automobile segment? ” Procedure/Methodology The Initial research involved a detailed interview about the company and its standings with Mr.\r\nBhattacharya-Electronic Steel manager. Another interview was with the Automobile Steel manager- Mr. Joseph Joe about the Automobile sector inclusive of the discussion over the problem mentioned in the research question. Underlining the major aspects in the interview, the questions focused on POSCO-IPPC’s strength, standings in the market, internal and external factors involved for and against production (which created the PEST, SWOT analysis and information for the analysis), and financial status and estimations advising financial techniques to be applied ( Capacity use of goods and services and Decision Tree. The secondary research resulted in analyzing of POSCO Steel’s information and accessing other reports, industry statistics, market information and data via numerous internet sites. This helped in the results and findings, in strengthening the information available and recommendations and conclusions. It should be noted however, that financial data collected is based upon both ‘actual’ and ‘estimates’, which need further validation. In profit, the validity of this report may be influenced by the probable subjectivity of some financial data given confidentially issues.\r\nMain results and Findings POSCO-IPPC Private Limited is a subsidiary company of POSCO, the worlds fourth largest brand ar iser and one of the most competitive brand companies (World Steel Dynamics 2006) whose products are shipped to over 60 countries nigh the globe. Aside from this unit, POSCO has withal invested 12 billion USD in Orissa which is proposed to upraise an create of 12 million ton per annum by 2010. Since 1990, much than Rs 19,000 crores (US$ 4470. 58 million) has been invested in the trade name industry of India and there is an increasing trend in its production. See stick out 1) The auto component sector has overly posted signifi messt growth of 20 per centime in 2003-04, to achieve a gross revenue turnover of Rs. 30,640 crore (US$ 6. 7 billion)(See Figure 2). Such opportunities in the automobile sector and the Indian thriftiness can help POSCO-IPPC to establish itself firmly. In terms of contemporary market position, POSCO-IPPC brands itself as a leading supplier of electric firebrand in some of the areas in India for not many of the companies arrive explored the electri c sword market.\r\nBeing a newcomer, it plans to inhabit the automobile brand market, where it hush up hasn’t managed to set its foot firmly. The company is based upon veritable policies and factors which many of the customers are unable to comply with. POSCO is a global player and it supplies and manufactures steel all over the world. It exports steel from South Korea at an international charge which is comparatively high in Indian currency so this difference among the footings, leads to a high price charged by the company.\r\nDue to the high price, POSCO decided to put a special price (Rs 49000-cold rolled steel) to fit in the market but in exchange for refuse provide of steel so this reduces the tally condition of POSCO-IPPC. POSCO-IPPC is only a distribution centre and does not manufacture. It is a market-oriented firm and follows the concept of mass customization for it creates the output maintaining to diametrical customers need. It slits and shear steel de pending upon the customer’s want. Its main customers are Crompton, LG and Suzlon in the electrics sector and Tata and Bajaj in the automobile sector.\r\nIt uses batch production to produce an output of 10,000 metric function tons per year where 1. 5% of the raw-material is surplus in slitting and shearing. The get for their steel is a the great unwashed higher(prenominal) than their output and their capacity is also higher (35,000 metric tons/year) but the lack of raw-material limits them, due to the special price-low sum factor. Instead of creating more(prenominal) output, their machines are doing job work for other competitors like JINDAL, ESSAR, etc. of 5000 metric tons monthly. Highlighting the difficulty suffered in the case of TATA MOTORS Pvt.\r\nLimited Total Requirement of TATA | 30,000 (Demand going up by 7-10% annually) | TATA’s pack from POSCO (for high superior steel)| 5000-7000| POSCO-IPPC’s Supply to TATA| 2000-2500 (Rest to be supplied to other customers. )| POSCO-IPPC’s Cold turn over Steel terms at the market | Rs. 53-55000| TATA’s pay price to POSCO | Rs. 48000| | | | | (All figures are in metric tons/month) synopsis/Evaluation: The evaluation of different problems which cause bank checks in trade with other companies will be done with the help of certain financial and non-financial techniques. Financial compendium:\r\nI. Capacity use of goods and services With the purpose of utilizing its capital to the fullest, POSCO-IPPC has 2 pathways in order to supply more in the steel market and set its foot strongly: a) acquiring more raw-materials from POSCO, Korea. b) get of raw-material from POSCO manufacturing unit at Orissa, India. Thus, we will analyze the pre displace scenario of capacity utilization in compared with the two options mentioned above. Present Capacity Utilization scenario: The capital utilization is calculated in fate and the formulae used for it is given below: Output uttermos t capacity? 00 limit Output: blow00 metric tons/ month. train best Capacity: 11250 metric tons/ month. Capacity Utilization = 1000011250? 100 = 88. 89% Option a): acquiring more raw-materials from POSCO, Korea: Estimated output: 11250 metric tons/ month Maximum capacity: 11250 metric tons/ month Capacity Utilization = 1125011250? 100 = 100% Option b): Purchasing of raw-material from POSCO manufacturing branch at Orissa in India: Estimated Output: 11250 metric tons/ month Maximum Capacity: 11250 metric tons/ month Capacity Utilization = 1125011250? 100 = 100% II. Decision Tree:\r\nUtilizing this approach for both the options and other decisions to be made by the company are evaluated and financially viable decisions are suggested. (Figure 1) (All property values are in Indian Rupees) Key: Decision square Chance node Calculations: (611. 105mn ? 0. 6) + (466. 07mn ? 0. 4) †500mn = 53. 091mn INR (572. 88 ? 0. 3) + (491. 04 ? 0. 7) †500mn = 15. 592mn INR Non-financial an alysis: India has gone through a orotund change in the production and consumption of Steel in the past 10 years.\r\nDriven a booming economy and concomitant demand levels, consumption of steel has grown by 12. 5 per cent during the last three years it has been forecast that the ap nurture steel use point in India will increase by 11. 8 per cent in 2008. POSCO-IPPC has great opportunities to set their foot firmly in the Automobile sector. The POSCO steel plant is India’s unity largest foreign investment project ever. For its part, the Indian government activity is eager to boost its steel production and rip more foreign investment through such a lucrative partnership.\r\n precisely it also may lead to limiting of foreign ownership and occupation of protectionism to prevent foreign investment from exceeding its levels. applied science level in POSCO-IPPC is of high standards and helps them with maintaining the quality. The machines brought in are merchandise but India i s a break ining county and it has certain problems of electricity which results in regular power-cuts causing arrests in processing of steel. These load-shedding periods are often covered by the use of generators but these generators prove to be expensive.\r\nThe steel world imported is affected by any change in the foreign exchange policies and any government/fiscal policies which may affect them. POSCO-IPPC creation a new-comer may feel threatened by the presence of multi-national companies as it leads to greater competition and more growth of resources. Conclusions and Recommendations: Available management’s detection on the opportunities to establish themselves in the Steel Industry, it does come in that the management should research this further by the help of a market research and research on all of the customer needs.\r\nAnalysing the written report on the basis of the data supplied, it appears that POSCO-IPPC’s only hindrance is its limitation of suppl y which if puzzle outd will solve many of their other problems. Using Capacity habit and Decision tree, it was understood that if maximum capacity work takes place, it will reduce the price; increase the output; increasing the output will lead to long term relationships with the customers; it will involve maximum habit of resources. Maximum capacity utilisation is only possible with the increase in output which can be only done by increase in the supply of steel.\r\n on that point had been two options discussed with the help of decision tree to look for the best and cheapest way to increase the supply by deciding upon the source. The analysis showed that get from POSCO, Korea at the special price is more moneymaking (53. 091mn INR) but this is only possible if POSCO, Korea agrees to supply them at the special price. The second possible option was from purchasing steel from the other branch of POSCO at Orissa, India but this would prove less(prenominal) profitable (15. 592mn I NR) as they would stag it at the selling price in order to save their profits.\r\nOther factors which tend to support POSCO-IPPC to set its foot in the Automobile sector include in the non-financial analysis: growing Indian economy and its Steel Industry; disposal support; bang-up Quality Steel; modern technology used with tight disciplinary issues which makes them a good supplier. Recommendations: As such, my recommendations would be: * Undertake further research in terms of specific of customer requirements and problems, by do a market research and research on the clients, as many of my findings are generic to the company’s knowledge. More accurately determine the hairsplitting nature of the costs and profits upon purchasing steel from the sources analyzed in the written report. * Embark upon gigantic research as to search other ways to increase the output and also request POSCO, Korea to supply more at the special price. However, my analysis is limited; it does not cover all the aspects of this topic due to the restraints of the data supplied. The research was not more vast because the unit was far away and many meetings were not possible with the officials as this would interrupt in their work .\r\nWith only two personnel interviewed, a wider perspective from other departments must also be obtained . The report is a reference material, the research can be more extensive and proper results can be achieved if access to more data was possible. The Report is still in progress; there are many issues which need to be solved which can be done with the help of the recommendations and more access. Bibliography Books: AS take aim and A level Business Studies, Peter Simpson, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002, Websites: http://www. stratfor. com/analysis/india_poscos_steel_investment_challenge Steel, India Brand Equity Fund, http://www. bef. org/industry/steel. aspx India Steel Industry, parsimoniousness Watch, http://www. economywatch. com/ india-steel-industry/ India Automobile Industry, rescue Watch, http://www. economywatch. com/business-and-economy/automobile-industry. html Corporate overview, POSCO-INDIA, http://posco-india. com/website/company/corporate-overview. htm APPENDIX: * appendix 1: Interview copy with Mr. Bharat Indu BhattaCharya * vermiform appendix 1: Interview Transcript with Mr. Joseph Joe * Appendix 3: SWOT Analysis * Appendix 4: PEST Analysis * Appendix 5: Graphs * Appendix 6: Mail from Mr. Joseph Joe Appendix 1: Interview Transcript with Mr.\r\nBharat Indu Bhatta Charya, Electric Steel Dept. Manager of POSCO-IPPC, Pvt. Limited, Pune 1) skillful Afternoon, Could you please enlighten us about your company? * legal Afternoon, POSCO-IPPC stands for POSCO †India Pune Processing Unit. We are situated in the Talegaon Horticulture and Industrial Park in the dist. Of Pune. POSCO-IPPC is a curl centre as known by its parent company POSCO, which is a steel manufacturer giant in South Korea. It is the fourth largest producer of steel in the world and its distributors and manufacturing units are spread all over the world.\r\nFrom the start of this company to the present date, POSCO has led to massive advancements in the socio-economic status of South Korea. overture back to POSCO’s investment in India, this is POSCO’s third investment, the other two existence in Delhi and Orissa. Although POSCO is POSCO-IPPC’s main investor but it is an independent company which is locally managed. POSCO entering in a new market planned to establish this processing unit as a joint venture with LG International, where POSCO has 65% of contends and LG international owns the rest 35%.\r\nA make sense 15 million $ was invested in this project and it commercial processing started in 2006. 2) rear end you emphasize more on your commercial processing and the working of this unit? * POSCO-IPPC processes the raw material which comes from POSCO, South Korea and distributes it to the customers. By processing, we baseborn the steel which comes from POSCO is slatted and sheared according to the customers need. We receive our steel in the form of coils, this is one reason for our being known as coil centre, then the coil is put in a machine which slits and shears it based on the dimensions set.\r\nThis is then packed and sent to the respective customers. Our major customers are Crompton, LG, Suzlon, TATA and Bajaj. Our company produces output for electric steel as well as automobile steel. Although in the electric steel market, we hold a monopoly but in automobile, we are yet to expand our approach. These are the different types of steel we produce: Electric Steel * CRGNO- Cold trilled texture Oriented Steel * CRNO- Cold Rolled Non-Grained Steel Automobile Steel * HR ; PO- Hot Rolled and Pickled ; Oiled Steel Cold Rolled Steel * Stainless Steel White Goods * Electro-Galvanised Steel We have 120 people as staff, out of which 60 are on payroll and 60 are on contract. We follow the batch production for our processing unit. Our output is 10,000 metric tons / month with an annual turnover of 320 Crores as of last year. The raw material which comes to us, we add a value addition of 10% and sell it in the market. Our capacity to produce is 135,000 metric tons per annum where as its output is low because of the lack of raw material so the capacity utilization is not up to the mark.\r\nSo to involve our other machinery, we do job work for other companies of 5000 metric tons. 3) Can you please tell me about the managers of this company? * The managers at all the leading posts in the company are all from South Korea and they have been assigned by POSCO for a fixed period of years for a perfect start in the Indian Steel market. These are very see and are strict followers of discipline and quality. The work at POSCO-IPPC is efficient and advancing due to these managers. These are: * Gil Ho Bang †Managing Director Jongyeol Her †General Manager * Jung Chule Kim †General Manager * Woon Tae Jung †General Manager 4) Can you please tell us about the difficulties you are facing as a new company in the Indian Steel market? * We have a monopoly many in the market for Electric steel so we don’t have any problems in that sector but in the automobile sector, our competitors are well established and they have a far greater market share than POSCO-IPPC in the market so it creates pressure on us to create our product better than theirs to check in the market.\r\nOur competitors: TATA STEEL, JINDAL, ESSAR, ISPAT and other Chinese and Russian companies. The two main difficulties which our company is facing are: * There has been a Star paygrade which the Indian Government has started on the electric appliances. This effect of BAE Star Rating on the consumption of Electric Steel. * The Automobile sector in India is booming and has a grass of area so POSCO-IPPC is trying to increase its footprint in the Automob ile steel segment. There is a lot of demand for POSCO’s quality steel in the Automobile sector. 5) What is your SWOT? SWOT Strength * whatsoever downfalls can be supported by POSCO-Distribution of quality steel †Inherits a quality name in the market from POSCO- Maintains strict disciplinary levels- Market leader in Electric Steel- Demand for its quality steel in the Automobile sector-Machinery is very advanced and the apprehend employed are few but skilled. Weaknesses * non enough raw materials-Is not yet able to firm its stand in the Steel market-The high price of their product due to the currency of Korea being more powerful †Language/ Cultural ranch amid India and Korea. Opportunities To increase its output and meet the high demand †Lack of high quality steel in the Automobile market gives them a sorry opportunity †India encouraging foreign investments- Increasing International trade between the countries- Rate of high economic and the countrys e conomy gradually increasing- extra Reduced expenditure for the steel. Threats * Price of the raw material is highly dependent on the foreign exchange †POSCO holding a small share in the market is comparatively smaller than its multi-national counter split -Low output due to lack of raw materials which may result in the loss of customers and a long term relationship.\r\nAppendix 2: Interview Transcript with Mr. Joseph Joe, Automobile Steel Dept. Manager of POSCO-IPPC, Pvt. Limited, Pune 1) Good Afternoon, What can you tell me about POSCO-IPPC in relevance to the Automobile market? Good Afternoon, POSCO-IPPC is a subsidiary of POSCO which as you know is a global producer and distributor of high quality steel. So as its parent company, POSCO-IPPC is also known for its high quality in the Indian Steel market.\r\nAutomobile conjunction requires high quality steel for the chassis parts of the automobile, usually such parts are imported or substitute quality steel is bought so due to the lack of high quality steel producers in India, there is a lot of demand for the emerging POSCO-IPPC’s Steel. Though POSCO-IPPC has so many opportunities to set itself firmly in the market, it has many hindrances preventing it from doing so. 2) Can you pleases talk about the hindrances in little more detail? * There are many factors which sum up to conclude as a hindrance for POSCO-IPPC.\r\nThe major ones are: * High cost of POSCO-IPPC’s Steel leads to a discouragement to the Indian customers. * POSCO-IPPC is sounding for big customers so they are able to establish themselves by directly targeting at the higher end. * POSCO-IPPC is strict in its payment dates which are not favoured by all its customers for they need a margin to harmonize their accounts. * Although the main problem is the lack of raw material from POSCO. Due to the Special price-low supply condition between POSCO and POSCO-IPPC, there is low supply of raw materials.\r\nThe demand is high for POS CO-IPPC’s steel but due to low output, it cannot adhere to every customer’s needs. POSCO-IPPC is capable to produce more output than its current production but due to the lack of raw material, it has to restrain itself and do job production. * POSCO-IPPC’s customers attend a same price and supply guarantor for three months which is not possible for POSCO-IPPC as it imports its raw material and it is subject to foreign exchange policies and other government policies which affects its price.\r\nThe supply surety cannot be given due to lack of supply of raw material. * also the defaulting of POSCO-IPPC’s price and bargaining to pay less price by the customers is discouraging POSCO-IPPC to expand itself so quickly as they are losing on their profits. * But overall, the lack of raw material is a big issue and solving that issue can solve many other problems related and in the flesh of time, brisk movements of trade will solve other problems too. 3) What ca n you tell about the special price-low supply condition? POSCO is a global player and it distributes its steel at a common international price (Rs 59000) to the world but as that rate is very high in terms of Indian currency, it would not settle down in the Indian market so in order to satisfy its Indian customers, it reduced the price and this is known as special price (Rs 45000). But as POSCO reduced the rate for POSCO-IPPC, it only did this for a condition and this condition was that POSCO-IPPC will receive only a limited supply from POSCO, Korea. ) Since TATA is one of your major customers in the automobile segment, can you please put light on the company’s relationship with TATA? * Sure, TATA Motors is a major customer of ours and there is a considerable amount of transaction with TATA. Tata itself produces steel but is partly dependent on POSCO-IPPC for high quality steel for the chassis of their automobiles. They need good quality for the outer body of the car for it to be firm and more attractive for which they take the support of POSCO-IPPC.\r\nTata requires 30,000 metric tons/month and the demand is going up by 7-10% / year. Tata demands 5000-7000 metric tons/month from POSCO-IPPC but it can only supply 2000-2500 metric tons/month to TATA for out of its bring output, it also needs to supply to other customers in order to remain in the market and also to stabilize it. The customers in the market are also asking for POSCO-IPPC’s steel like General Motors, Volkswagen and Fiat. For which TATA has supported POSCO-IPPC in sending a petition to POSCO to supply more steel.\r\nPOSCO-IPPC distributes cold rolled steel in the open market at Rs 53-55000; the price keeps on fluctuating, whereas TATA gets it at Rs 48,000 (maximum. ) Thus, such factors are creating hindrances in transaction between TATA and POSCO-IPPC. 5) What is your PEST? * PEST policy-making & LEGAL * Central Government encourages the foreign investment- Change in the centra l Government may result in change in different trade policies †Indian Economy has shown relatively high levels of development, stability and potential growth. -Korea having a high level of percentage of investment in the Indian market\r\nEconomical * Indian Economy is booming-Growth in its gross domestic product and economic growth-Fluctuations in the exchange rates -Social ties and contacts between India and China is increasing-Expansion of a basic industry is of all time favoured- Company also gives importance to maximum exploitation of resources. Social * Opened a school for the children of its workers- Helped to develop the village Talegaon -Increase in the capacity of the unit, there will be more employment in the area-Adapt the Indian Culture-It believes in job satisfaction and motivation of its staff\r\nTechnical * POSCO-IPPC uses advance technology to process its raw material-High dependency on technology-India is a developing country where there is a great problem with electricity so load shedding takes place-Alternative method to use generators during the time of load shedding proves expensive-Supply of diesel in such large quality proves to be a negative factor. Appendix 3: POSCO-IPPC SWOT Analysis Appendix 5 †Graphs Figure 1: Figure 2: Appendix 6: Mail from Joseph Joe This was a mail from Mr.\r\nJoseph Joe giving out some information. investing: 500 mn INR | | | | | | | | | | | | | Probability | | Difference| | character Company | | Cost Price/ metric ton | | Selling Price/ metric ton| | quantity Purchased and sold| | Total Revenue| | | | | | | | | | | | | | 0. 6| | Special Price| POSCO, Korea| | Rs 45000| | Rs 55000| | 11111| | 611. 105 mn INR| 0. 4| | No Special Price| POSCO, Korea| | Rs 59000| | Rs 55000| | 8474| | 466. 07 mn INR| 0. 3| | Wihtout O. H. E| POSCO, Orissa| | Rs 48,000| | Rs 55000| | 10416| | 572. 88 mn INR| 0. | | With O. H. E| | POSCO, Orissa| | Rs 56000| | Rs 55000| | 8928| | 491. 04 mn INR| ———R 12;——————————†[ 2 ]. Refer to Appendix 1 †Interview with Mr. Bhattacharya [ 3 ]. Refer to Appendix 1 †Interview with Mr. Bhattacharya [ 4 ]. Refer to Appendix 1 †Interview with Mr. Bhattacharya [ 5 ]. POSCO-INDIA, â€Å"corporate overview”, http://posco-india. com/website/company/corporate-overview. htm. (20th September, 2008. ) [ 6 ]. Refer to Appendix 5- Graphs [ 7 ]. Economy Watch, â€Å"India Steel Industry,” http://www. conomywatch. com/india-steel-industry/, (20th September, 2008. ) [ 8 ]. Economy Watch, â€Å"India Automobile Industry,” http://www. economywatch. com/business-and-economy/automobile-industry. html, (23rd September, 2008. ) [ 9 ]. Refer to Appendix 5- Graphs [ 10 ]. Refer to Appendix 2 †Interview with Mr. Joseph Joe [ 11 ]. Refer to Appendix 1 †Interview with Mr. Bharat Indu Bhattacharya [ 12 ]. Refer to Appendix 2 †Interview with Mr. Joseph Joe [ 13 ]. Refer to Appendix 1 †Interview with Mr. Bharat Indu Bhattacharya [ 14 ].\r\nRefer to Appendix 6 †Mail received from Mr. Joseph Joe [ 15 ]. India Brand Equity Fund, â€Å"Steel,” http://www. ibef. org/industry/steel. aspx (3rd August, 2008. ) [ 16 ]. SWOT Analysis [ 17 ]. PEST Analysis [ 18 ]. http://www. stratfor. com/analysis/india_poscos_steel_investment_challenge [ 19 ]. PEST Analysis [ 20 ]. SWOT Analysis [ 21 ]. PEST Analysis [ 22 ]. SWOT Analysis [ 23 ]. PEST Analysis [ 24 ]. http://www. economywatch. com/business-and-economy/steel-industry. html [ 25 ]. http://www. economywatch. com/business-and-economy/automobile-industry. html\r\n'